Iron plaque enhances phosphorus uptake by rice (Oryza sativa) growing under varying phosphorus and iron concentrations

Both solution culture and pot experiments were performed to investigate (a) the effects of external Fe (II) concentrations and forms on the formation of iron plaque on the roots of rice (Oryza sativa) and subsequent P adsorption on iron plaque and shoot P concentrations and (b) the effects of soil moisture regimes on the formation of iron plaque and P adsorption on root surfaces and P accumulation in shoots. The results showed that iron plaque was significantly increased with increasing Fe²⁺ concentrations in the solution culture. The amounts of P adsorbed on the iron plaque were increased significantly with external Fe²⁺ concentrations. Although shoot P concentration was not significantly affected by Fe²⁺ treatment after incubation for 2 days, it was significantly increased in the Fe‐treated plants compared with Fe‐deprived ones after incubation for 4 days. Soil culture experiment showed that the formation of iron plaque on root surfaces was promoted by exogenous iron, with greater amount of iron plaque being formed by addition of ferric hydroxide than of ferric oxide. Phosphorus adsorption on iron plaque also increased with the addition of iron oxides, and increasing soil P increased the amounts of P associated with the iron plaque and shoot P concentration. The amounts of iron plaque were almost sixfold higher under flooding condition than under field capacity condition. Plants pretreated under flooding condition generally had higher shoot P concentrations when they were transplanted to solutions with varying P levels, and this was most pronounced in the treatment with highest solution P concentration. The results suggest that iron plaque acts as a nutrient reservoir for phosphorus in the rhizosphere and helps enhance P acquisition by rice.     

A comparison of the central gastrointestinal antitransit effects of morphine and bombesin in the mouse

The gastrointestinal motor effects of centrally-given morphine and bombesin were compared in mice. Both compounds produced a dose-related decrease in the propulsion of a marker along the gut when given by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intrathecal (i.th.) routes. Co-administration of the same compound by both routes was found to produce a marked increase in potency for morphine, but only a slight increase in potency for bombesin. Isobolographic analysis of the gut effects of these compounds revealed a multiplicative brain-spinal cord interaction for morphine, but an additive interaction for bombesin. These results are consistent with the interpretation that morphine can act at either the level of the brain or the spinal cord, activating independent pathways which ultimately converge to alter gut propulsion. In contrast, spinal bombesin requires communication to supraspinal sites in order for its gut effects to occur, suggesting activation of a common outflow pathway from the central nervous system.     

盾叶薯蓣地上部分的三个新甾体皂甙

从盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright地上部分分离鉴定了四个甾体皂甙,经鉴定甙A为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙B为24α-羟基约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙C为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基;甙D为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。前三者为新化合物,分别命名为盾叶皂甙A_1、A_2、A_3(zingiberoside A_1、A_2、A_3),其中盾叶皂甙A_2的甙元为一新甾体皂甙元,命名为盾叶皂甙元(zingiberogenin)。     

Epidermal growth factor and insulin stimulate nuclear pore-mediated macromolecular transport in isolated rat liver nuclei

Fluorescence photobleaching was used to measure the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, and glucagon on the nuclear transport of fluorescent-labeled dextrans across the nuclear pore complex. EGF and insulin were found to stimulate transport approximately 200%, while boiling these polypeptide growth factors greatly diminished this enhancement activity. Glucagon demonstrated no enhancement effect. The nuclear transport enhancement effects were observed at EGF and insulin concentrations that elicit the various physiological responses, e.g., nanomolar range.     

我国某些常见化石硅藻的环境分析

本文详细研究了中国海表层沉积物中的常见化石硅藻,结果表明,这些种的分布范围及数量变化随环境的不同而变化。因此,根据柱状样品中这些种类数量的变化,能够推断古气候变化,恢复古地理环境,再现海平面波动历程,进而划分、对比第四系地层。     

Ionizing-radiation-induced damage in the DNA of cultured human cells. Identification of 8,5-cyclo-2-deoxyguanosine.

Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed peripheral-blood B-lymphocytes were gamma-irradiated at 0 degree C at doses from 10 to 100 Gy. The cells were immediately lysed and the DNA was isolated. Subsequently, the DNA was hydrolysed to 2'-deoxyribonucleosides with a mixture of DNAase I, venom and spleen exonucleases and alkaline phosphatase. The hydrolysate was dried, trimethylsilylated and analysed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. The (5'R)- and (5'S)-diastereomers of 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine were observed in a ratio of 1:3, and their formation was dose-dependent. It was possible to detect and characterize one such lesion in approx. 4 X 10(4) guanine nucleotide subunits of DNA.     

长滩果引种驯化研究

长滩果系罗汉果最佳品种。原产区分布于永福和临桂县交界400—600米山区,但不适应于低丘陵和平原地区,因而不能在低丘陵和平原地区推广。为了解决这个问题。采用了(1)选择湿润和半阴的生长环境;(2)采用适应性强的砧木;(3)促成栽培;(4)加强秋旱期的科学管理等措施并取得成功,试验结果表明长滩果产量和品质达到或略超过原产区水平。     

Mitotic reversion in prophase of PTK1 cells induced by argon laser microirradiation

In this paper, we report the effects of laser microirradiation of prophase nucleoli and mitotic chromosomes in cells of female rat kangaroo kidney epithelial cell line PTK1. When the laser power delivered to sample surface was 90-190 mW, irradiation of one of the two nucleoli in the prophase cell did not inhibit the mitotic progress, but resulted in the loss of the irradiated nucleolus in daughter cells. When the laser power was increased to 360-420 mW, either irradiation of the nucleolus or chromosome in midprophase caused a blockage of mitosis at terminal midprophase. The irradiated cells returned morphologically to early prophase. No mitotic reversion occurred in the case of irradiation of chromosomes at late prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, and anaphase. Irradiation of the cytoplasm in prophase cells caused a 50-70 min mitotic delay at prophase. However, the irradiated cells underwent successive mitotic divisions. The mechanism of laser-induced mitotic prophase reversion is discussed.